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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu got here into existence on 20th September 1999 following the modification in Sher-eKashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology Act 1982 via the State legislature. To meet the demand of educated manpower of improvement departments and face the challenges in agriculture under the clout of liberalization, privatization and globalization, the pursuance of educational excellence and manufacturing of need based mostly educated graduates has been given due priority. In order to accomplish of this task, the highest positions of University had been filled and numerous University statutory bodies similar to University Council, Board of Management, Research Council, Extension Council and Academic Council had been notified. To set up an efficient, efficient and transparent system of examination and evaluation. One of the major aims behind basis of this University was to cater to the regional wants of South Maharashtra. Kolhapur, Sangli and Satara with energy of about 3,00,000 students studying in 271 affiliated schools and recognised institutes. Under the innovative and socially reformist leadership of Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj, the princely ruler of Kolhapur, the city had turn out to be initially of this century, a focus of academic opportunities for all classes and communities of South-Western Maharashtra, and northern elements of neighbouring Karnataka. When the University was founded by the Shivaji University Act of 1962, the aims set before the University included making opportunities of upper schooling accessible to rural youth, conducting fundamental and utilized analysis in the subject of science and humanities to guarantee regional development and improvement. In 1962 the University began functioning with 34 affiliated schools and about 14000 students with 5 Post-graduate Departments on the campus. Today the number of affiliated schools has gone upto 225 and students energy upto 2,00,000 with 34 Postgraduate Departments on campus. The University imparts schooling in 10 main colleges of Arts, Social Science, Science, Commerce, Education, Fine Arts, Law, Medicine, Ayurvedic Medicine, Engineering and Technology. Duri ng preliminary twenty years the efforts had been targeting enlargement of hello gher schooling and basis of recent schools in different elements in the four Districts under its jurisdiction. The decade of Nineteen Eighties saw a significant enlargement, especially the expansion of professional colleges like Engineering, Education, Management and Medicine. The current part of the University can be termed as "a pursuit of educational excellence". Since last 4-5 years, a number of} attempts are being made to overcome the image of University as a regional University. Several steps have been taken to increase the requirements of educating and analysis so as to measure upto international requirements. This is being achieved by exploring new areas of upper learni ng and analysis in quickly rising fields like Industrial Chemistry, Space Science, Environmental Science, Bio-Chemistry, Sericulture, Polymer Chemistry and Computer Science, along with primary science disciplines. The University distinguishes itself as a various, socially accountable learning group excessive quality|of top of the range|of top quality} scholarship and tutorial rigor, sustained by Indian ethics and values. The University will draw from the cultural, i ntellectual and financial resources of the nation to enrich and strengthen its academic programmes. The sailient options of the primary campus embrace ultramodern amenities for educating, analysis, consultancy, board and lodging and so on. The University has its own campus in the Adarsh Institutional Area on Babu Vijendra Marg at Gangoh, in the District of Saharanpur (Uttar Pradesh). The historical dedication to empower the group via schooling goes back as early as in 1924, when Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Ji launched the primary academic institute named "Hindu Anglo Nagrik Inter College" now recognized as|often recognized as} Hindu Rashtriya Inter College, at Gangoh. This humble and noble initiative was end result of|the outcomes of} the inspiration and dedication of Babu Kedarnath Ji. As a part of|part of} this journey to ignite the minds, a renowned agri culturist and social employee from Gangoh, District Saharanpur, our inspirer, Babu Vijendra Kumar Ji envisioned a society to cater the wants of the youth of the world and empower all sections of the group of our nation via schooling. Shobhit University aims to create a conducive, enabling tutorial climate to facilitate integration of the younger era into the logic of the current system and to develop academic means by which men and women deal critically and creatively with reality and discover means to|tips on how to} participate in the transformation of their world. The Shobhit University might be internationally acknowledged as a premier Indian University with a global perspective that educates leaders who will fashion a extra humane and simply world. The core mission of the University is to promote learning in Indian tradition with worldwide outlook. The University provides undergraduate, graduate, analysis scholars and professional students, the knowledge and abilities needed to succeed as individuals and professional in area of interest technical areas, and the values and sensitivity essential to be men and women for others. We are a non-profit multi-disciplinary private university with a imaginative and prescient to be a top 200 international university in subsequent ten years. In addition, we aspire to provide quality and relevant schooling to our students at an reasonably priced and backed payment construction. Shoolini University is managed by academicians with confirmed report of their dedication for offering quality schooling, and by senior company leaders with promise for innovation and abilities improvement. Panchmahals, Gujarat � 389001 the objects of the University is to develop the knowledge of different branches of Higher, Technical and Professional learning and analysis in relation to the totally different domains and their functions. The major aims of the University are to impart knowledge in numerous branches of Sanskrit as well as|in addition to} Indology, Indian Culture, Indian Languages, Indian Philosophy, Fine Arts, Foreign Languages and Social Science and to promote the research and analysis of Sanskrit via simultaneous promotion of different languages in India and abroad which have enri ched the research of Sanskrit. The University additionally works course of|in path of} the Publication and preservation of manuscripts and books in Sanskrit and different languages. The University is presently functioning via 9 Regional Centres, namely Thiruvananthapuram, Panmana, Thuravoor, Ettumanoor, Kalady (Main Campus), Thrissur, Tirur, Koyilandy and Payyannur. The Kerala Kalamandalam, internationally acclaimed for Kerala Classical Arts, has just lately been added to the University as a acknowledged institution. Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit has been established to impart knowledge in numerous branches of Sanskrit as well as|in addition to} Indology, Indian Culture, Indian Languages, Indian Philosophy, Fine Arts, Foreign Languages and Social Science. All members of the Syndicate besides the consultant of the legislature and the Principal Secretary to the Government for Higher Education are nominated eminent academicians. The joint culture of medication and know-how that the Institute pioneered more than three many years in the past has come of age and gained unprecedented acceptance in India. Imbued with an inclination to enterprise into less-trodden domains, the Institute focuses on affected person care excessive quality|of top of the range|of top quality}, know-how improvement of industrial significance and health analysis studies of social relevance. The emphasis is on improvement of amenities much less available elsewhere in the nation similar to interventional radiology, cardiac electrophysiology, presurgical evaluation and surgical procedure for epilepsy, microsurgery and deep brain stimulation for movement issues, new biomedical units and merchandise, evaluation of medical units to international specs, new tutorial programmes and international public health networks. The Institute has three wings - the Hospital, Biomedical Technology Wing and the Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies. This uniquely poised Institute has a devoted staff of clinicians, scientists and engineers devoted to top quality biomedical analysis and growing technologies in health care with emphasis on cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Promote analysis and improvement in biomedical engineering and know-how Deliver top quality affected person care in chosen specialties and subspecialties Develop innovative postgraduate coaching applications in advanced medical specialties, and biomedical engineering and know-how Participate in public health reforms via analysis, coaching and interventions Become a Global Leader in Medical Devices Development, High Quality Patient Care, and Health Sciences Studies by 2020. Today, the scientific literature in Sanskrit available to us is vast and various, overlaying subjects as diverse as alchemy and mathematics and metallurgy, gemology and zoology, heaps of|and plenty of} extra. Sanskrit language, with an incomparable store of data and Science carries with itself a legacy of Indian tradition, is at the genesis of our nicely developed nation. Today the search for learning Sanskrit world over, witnesses a revival and our visionary leadership committed to provide the ability for imparting knowledge of Sanskrit, established Shree Somnath Sanskrit University on 12th April, 2005 at Somnath-Veraval, District: Junagadh. Assessing the inevitability of Sanskrit schooling in Gujarat state and likewise to promote Vedic studies on conventional strains, our Hon. Chief Minister Shri Narendra Modiji determined to set up Sanskrit University in Gujarat. Panditji Shri Navalkishore Sharmaji, mentor of Sanskrit and Sanskrit scholars, has been the driving pressure for the setting of Shree Somnath Sanskrit University. His Excellency invited the students from all elements of the nation for deliberations. Anandiben Patel, who was eager to set up Sanskrit University in the state had the honour to bring the Shree Somnath Sanskrit University invoice 2005, in the meeting. Ramesh Bhai Ozaji (Pujya bhai shri) our supply of inspiration and founding father of Shri Sandipani Vidyaniketan Porbander, congratulated the state Government for establishing Shree Somnath Sanskrit University. The University Building and seventeen acre of land is donated by Shri Somnath Trust. Commissioner of Higher Education took energetic participation and played key position in setting of our University. Shrimati Kamlaji,the Governor of Gujarat and the Chancellor of our University, our Hon. Shri Jagannath Sanskrit Vishvavidayalaya was established in the holy land of Lord Jagannath, fulfilling the long aspirations of the Sanskrit lovers of the State. The credit score of establishing this premier institution of Sanskrit learning goes to the then Chief Minister of Odisha Prajnana Vachaspati Sj. Janaki Ballabh Pattanayak, an eminent scholar of Sanskrit, who laid down the foundation stone at 9 A. College premises amidst chanting of Vedic hymns, observance of scriptural rites, ringing of bells and blowing of conchshells.

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For instance in 2009, a hoax paper generated by a computer program was accepted for publication by a major publisher beneath the author-pays-for-publication model. In an identical incident, a workers author for Science journal and popular science publications focused the open entry system in 2013 by submitting to quantity of|numerous|a variety of} such journals a deeply flawed paper on the purported impact of a lichen constituent. As a result, this experiment was criticised for being not peer-reviewed itself and for having a flawed methodology and lack of a management group. Many newer open entry journals additionally lack the reputation of their subscription counterparts, which have been in enterprise for many years. However, a recent research concluded that total quotation rates for a time period of 2 years (2010/11) have been 30% greater for subscription journals. After controlling for discipline, age of the journal and the placement of the publisher, the variations largely disappeared in most subcategories except for journals that had been launched prior to 1996. Two major research dispute the declare that open entry articles lead to more citations. Using a randomized managed trial of open entry publishing involving 36 taking part journals in the sciences, social sciences, and humanities, researchers from Cornell University report on the consequences of free entry on article downloads and citations. Articles placed in the open entry situation (n=712) received considerably more downloads and reached a broader viewers within the fi rst 12 months, but have been cited no more incessantly, nor earlier, than subscription-access management articles (n=2533) within 3 years. There are many different research, nonetheless, both major and minor, that report that open entry does lead to considerably more citations. For instance, a 2010 research � on a much larger and broader sample (27,197 articles in 1,984 journals) than the Cornell University research � used institutionally mandated open entry instead of randomized open entry to management for any bias on the part of of} authors toward self-selectively making their better (hence more citeable) articles open entry. The result was a replication of the repeatedly reported open entry quotation benefit, with the benefit being equal in size and significance whether the open entry was self-selected or mandated. Articles in the major open entry journals are included in the usual bibliographic databases for his or her subject, similar to PubMed. Those established lengthy enough to have an 332 impact factor, and otherwise certified, are in Web of Science and Scopus. BioMed Central, a for-profit publisher with now dozens of open-access journals, revealed its first article in the 12 months 2000. The term is credited to Wayne Hodgins when he created a working group i n 1994 bearing the name although the concept was first described by Gerard in 1967. Learning objects go by many names, together with content material objects, chunks, instructional objects, data objects, clever objects, data bits, data objects, studying components, media objects, reusable curriculum components, nuggets, reusable data objects, reusable studying objects, testable reusable items of cognition, training components, and items of studying. Learning objects supply a brand new} conceptualization of the learning course of: rather than the standard "several of} hour chunk", they supply smaller, self-contained, re-usable items of studying. They will sometimes have quantity of|numerous|a variety of} different components, which vary from descriptive data to details about rights and educational level. Chiappe outlined Learning Objects as: "A digital self-contained and reusable entity, with a clear instructional purpose, with a minimum of|no less than} three inside and editable components: content material, studying activities and parts of context. The studying objects will need to have} an exterior construction of information to facilitate their identification, storage and retrieval: the metadata. Daniel Rehak and Robin Mason outline it as "a digitized entity which can be utilized, reused or referenced during know-how supported studying". Beck means that studying objects have the following key traits: 334 Learning objects are a brand new} mind-set about studying content material. Learning objects are much smaller items of studying, sometimes ranging from 2 minutes to quarter-hour. Just as a guide in a library has a document i n the card catalog, learni ng objects should also be tagged with metadata. The most essential pieces of metadata sometimes related to a studying object include: 1. Shaw additionally introduces the term "contextual studying object", to describe a studying object that has been "designed to have particular which means and purpose to an meant learner". The licenses differ by several of} combinations that situation the terms of distribution. This allows Creative Commons licenses to be utilized to all work falling beneath copyri ght, together with: books, performs, motion pictures, music, articles, pictures, blogs, and websites. However, utility of a Creative Commons license may not modify the rights allowed by honest use or honest dealing or exert restrictions which violate copyright exceptions. Any work or copies of the work obtained beneath a Creative Commons license may proceed to be used beneath that license. In the case of works protected by quantity of} Creative Common licenses, the person may select either. Of the 5 invalid combinations, 4 include both the "nd" and "sa" clauses, that are mutually exclusive; and one includes considered one of the} clauses. Of the eleven legitimate combinations, the 5 that lack the "by" clause have been retired 98% of licensors requested attribution, although they do remain obtainable for reference on the web site}. To address this concern, 337 Creative Commons requested its affiliates to translate the assorted licenses to mirror native laws in a course of called "porting. Generally this implies the following: Include any copyright notices (if applicable). Mention if the work is a spinoff work or adaptation, in addition to the above, one must determine that their work is a spinoff work. In 2010, Creative Commons announced its Public Domain Mark, a tool for labeling works already in the public area. Some works licensed utilizing Creative Commons licenses have been concerned in several of} court docket cases. Creative Commons itself was not a celebration to any of these cases; they solely concerned licensors or licensees of Creative Commons licenses. Users licensing their images this manner freed their work to be used by another entity, the original creator was attributed credit score, with out another compensation required. However, one image, depicting 15-year-old Alison Chang at a fundraising carwash for her church, brought on some controversy when she sued Virgin Mobile. In 2008, the case (concerning persona rights rather than copyright as such) was thrown out of a Texas court docket for lack of jurisdiction. GateHouse Media owns quantity of|numerous|a variety of} native newspapers, together with Rockford Register Star, which is based in Rockford, Illinois. The case was settled on August 17, 2010, although the settlement was not made public. The full text of the license, unmodified invariant sections as outlined by the writer if any, and another added guarantee disclaimers (such as a common disclaimer alerting readers that the document in all probability not|will not be} accurate for example) and copyright notices from earlier variations must be maintained. Specifically, the authors of prior variations should be acknowledged and sure "invariant sections" specified by the original writer and dealing with his or her relationship to in all probability not|will not be} modified. If the fabric is modified, its title has to be modified (unless the prior authors give permission to retain the title). The license additionally has provisions for the handling of front-cover and back-cover texts of books, properly as|in addition to} for "History", "Acknowledgements", "Dedications" and "Endorsements" sections. To forestall the clause from being used as a common compatibility measure, the license itself solely allowed the change to occur before August 1, 2009. In the case of Baidu, Wikipedia representatives requested the positioning and its contributors to respect the terms of the licenses and to make proper attributions. This might lead to the state of affairs where there are a complete sequence of title pages, and dedications, in each and every copy of the guide if it has a 346 lengthy lineage. Worse, the same is required for the standalone use of only one (for instance, Wikipedia) image. In common, copyright law is used by an writer to prohibit recipients from reproducing, adapting, or distributing copies of their work. In distinction, beneath copyleft, an writer may give every one that receives a replica of the work permission to reproduce, adapt, or distribute it, with the accompanyi ng requirement that any resulting copies or diversifications are additionally certain by the same licensing settlement. Copyleft licenses (for software) require that data essential for reproducing and modifying the work must be made obtainable to recipients of the binaries. The source code recordsdata will normally contain a replica of the license terms and acknowledge the author(s). Copyleft (a play on the word copyright) is the apply of providing individuals the right to freely distribute copies and modified variations of a piece with the stipulation that the same rights be preserved in deri vative works down the road.

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Exposure to work group and psychosocial elements based mostly on questionnaire responses. Model adjusted for race, age, gender, height, psychosocial elements, medical circumstances. These 17 had been chosen from 20 consecutive male patients from 6 industries and had been suffering from ache over a period of >3 months in a single or each shoulders. Outcome and exposure Outcome: Cases had been nonresponsive to analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory brokers, physiotherapy, and end result measured by examination. Case outlined as shoulder ache lasting >3 months with no decision post-treatment. Present and previous employment, bodily workload not different between instances and referents. Work carried out with hands above acromion height significantly larger for instances than referents. Outcome and exposure Outcome: Physician evaluated all patients with acute non-traumatic shoulder-neck pains referred to the outpaient clinic of the rheumatology department. Each affected person had to undergo an intensive scientific examination, including native anaesthesia for the definition of ache location. Exploratory puncture of the glenohumeral joint was carried out in patients with tenderness over the joint. Exposure: Anthropometric and Isometric muscle power had been tested with strain gauge instruments. Measurements made for the next contractions: shoulder elevation at the acromion, abduction and forward flexion of the shoulder joints at impartial position and semipronated. Consisted of measuring the duration and frequency of shoulder abduction or forward flexion of >60�. Muscular load level determination made by laptop analysis of myo-electric amplitude. Median variety of sick-leave days significantly different between instances and controls (p<0. Isometric power take a look at: controls significantly stronger in 6 of 14 exams but in all probability influenced by ache inhibition in instances. The supraspinatus muscle showed a significant change of the imply power frequency (p<0. Outcome and exposure Outcome: Standardized Nordic questionnaire, ache or stiffness. Occupational history treated as dichotomous variable with "1" for heavy bodily work. Case outlined as ache, aching, stiffness, burning, numbness or tingling in shoulder lasting >1 week or occurring one time/month up to now year. Symptoms should have have} begun on present job; no previous accident or acute injury to the joint, no associated systemic illness. Exposure variables included work time spent typing on laptop; typing velocity; keyboard type; hr worked/week; workload; variety of years worked. Outcome and exposure Outcome: Shoulder girdle ache as outlined by Anderson (1984) (the painful situation of the shoulder with limitation of movement, which may occur in association with rigidity neck or merge with ache within the suprascapular or higher dorsal regions). Symptoms in these regions occurring in final 30 days and bodily examination findings of $two tender points or palpable hardenings which may both be brought on or aggravated by work circumstances. Exposure: Assessed by observation and recording of duties and biomechanical actions of three workers every representing one of three study groups. Highly repetitive jobs with cycle time k=<30 sec or >50% of cycle time performing the identical elementary cycles. Dose-response for doctor noticed shoulder girdle ache among three exposure groups. Dose-response for doctor noticed shoulder girdle ache by gender in three exposure groups. Significant development found for duration of employment and exposure group in workers <12 months, 12 to 60 months, but not in workers employed >60 months. Controls: 996 controls; 558 males and 438 females attending the identical clinics; recognized with circumstances other than diseases of the higher limb, cervical or thoracic spine; ages sixteen to 65 years. Outcome and exposure Outcome: Based on normal prognosis for rotator cuff injury; rupture of the long head of biceps, shoulder capsulitis, symptomatic acromioclavicular arthritis. Exposure: Based on selfreported risk elements at work for musculoskeletal disorders concentrating on detailed elements of actions and actions at work: awkward postures, grip sorts, wrist motions, lifting, shoulder postures, static postures, hand tool use, and job class. Questionnaire obtained information on repetitive actions of the higher limb: Shoulder flexion, shoulder rotation with elevated arm, maintaining the whole arm raised >1 min, shoulder rotation with elbow flexed. Jobs with pinching between thumb and forefinger protective against shoulder disorders. May replicate hand Not movement and exertion with no reported shoulder movement or exertion. Compared workers with signs to those workers with out signs for risk issue analysis. Outcome: Questionnaire survey Symptoms in using Nordic questionnaire for previous 12 signs as to duration throughout months: 40% final 12 months and during final 7 days, impact on work performance and leisure actions, and sick depart. The Bortner Score for Type A behavior significantly greater for those with shoulder signs than those with out. No distinction in headache, tiredness, sleeping, irritation, lack of focus or issues with eyes, nose, stomach, pores and skin. Authors suggest that Type A persons more doubtless to|prone to} ignore signs to decrease their potential impact on work capacity. Outcome and exposure Outcome: By questionnaire: Period Prevalence: Symptoms in final 12 months. Point Prevalence: Determined by bodily examination of the higher extremity using normal diagnostic standards case must also fulfill symptom definition (listed above). Exposure: Observation and walk-through; jobs categorized as High exposure and Low exposure based mostly on estimated hand force and hand repetition, not shoulder exposure. Any 43% (low symptom of exposure the shoulder: group) 49% (high exposure group) Period prevalence for shoulder case: 19% Point prevalence for shoulder case: 7% 1. Outcome and exposure Outcome: Self-administered questionnaire and normal bodily examination; case outlined as: ache, aching, stiffness, burning, numbness or tingling >1 week or >12 instances a year; no previous traumatic injury to the world; occurring after employment on present job throughout the final year and optimistic bodily examination: reasonable to worst ache skilled with optimistic bodily discovering of the symptomatic joint. Exposure: Work practices and work group assessed by questionnaire and observation; variety of keystrokes/day. Physical workstation and postural measurements obtained but not utilized in final analyses. Although keystrokes/day was found to not be important, information available was for workers typing a median of 8 words/min over 8-hr period. Outcome and exposure Outcome: Positive answers to questions about repeated occurrences of shoulder ache throughout work; shoulder stiffness that affected work and weakness in shoulder that affected work or weakness or numbness in arm or hand and participation in a comply with up examination. We query the strategies used to approximate the prevalence of shoulder tendinitis. Number of years active welding, shoulder load, and welding years showed no important distinction. However, a pattern measurement of eleven matched pairs might not have enough power to detect a distinction. Exposure: Estimation of workload with assessment of the office into three groups very excessive, excessive or low. Static loading while holding tools; awkward postures; shoulder level or overhead work. Outcome and exposure Nurse-administered symptom questionnaire: Case outlined as ache, weakness, stiffness in shoulder excluding results originating from neck, plus scientific examination with tenderness, vary of movement gross power measured by dynamometer. Supraspinatus Electromyographic analysis of the tendinitis shoulder muscle load completed outcomes of 23 welders on 9 volunteers to study the known as back influence of hand tool mass and for scientific arm posture. Turnover fee of welders was 30%; explanation for lack of association with duration. Case outlined because the presence of ache, numbness, tingling, aching, stiffness or burning within the shoulder, and no previous injury; signs started after beginning the job; lasting >1 week or occurred quickly as} a month throughout the previous year; reported as "reasonable" or larger on a 5-point scale. Exposure: Observation of work stations, measurement and evaluation of work station; observation of postures.

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Psilocybin Psilocybin is a plant alkaloid derived from tryptamine precursors and found in a variety of|quite so much of|a big selection of} mushroom species (9). It has been utilized by native peoples of Central and South America inside a sacramental context lots of of years} to facilitate non secular experiences (10). In the Fifties, psychedelic mushrooms were introduced to Western tradition when novice mycologist R. The psychoactive compounds psilocybin and psilocin were first isolated from the mushroom species Psilocybe mexicana through collaborative analysis by mycologist Roger Heim and Albert Hofmann and his colleagues at Sandoz Laboratories (1). After figuring out the molecular constructions of those compounds, Sandoz started the artificial chemical production of psilocybin, eliminating the beforehand required cultivation of mushrooms (1). Unpleasant results can embrace emotions of a seemingly "unending expertise," nicely as|in addition to} nausea, vomiting, and transient headaches (16�18). Systematic investigation into psilocybin started in 1962, when Walter Pahnke and Timothy Leary performed the "Marsh Chapel Experiment," identified as|also called|also referred to as} the "Good Friday Experiment" (19, 20). In this randomized managed trial, Protestant divinity pupil volunteers (N=20; 10 per group) acquired psilocybin or a placebo (niacin) to evaluate the potential entheogenic properties of psilocybin. Leary and colleagues also performed the "Concord Prison Experiment" to determine whether or not psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy could scale back charges of recidivism after a period of incarceration (21). In this open-label study, jail inmates (N=32) participated in two psilocybin-assisted group psychotherapy periods, every with a dose of 20�70 mg, followed by a sequence of psychotherapy periods. Despite preliminary reviews by Leary that psilocybin considerably lowered charges of recidivism, a later reanalysis by Doblin found that the recidivism fee of the experimental group was not considerably decrease than that of the general jail population (20, 22). Recently, there has been a resurgence in psilocybin analysis in the United States and Europe in the treatment of refractory temper disorders, refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder, end-of-life nervousness, and tobacco and alcohol use disorders. Participants got two oral doses of psilocybin in affiliation with psychotherapy periods, 7 days apart; they acquired a low dose (10 mg) of psilocybin on the first session and a better dose (25 mg) on the second session. During the psilocybin periods, therapists used a nondirective, supportive strategy. All assessment measures were carried out at baseline and at 1 week and 3 months after the second psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy session. One day before and 1 day after their psilocybin periods, patients were proven photographs of faces with fearful, happy, or impartial expressions chosen from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces set. Patients who acquired psilocybin showed elevated amygdalar responses to fearful compared with impartial faces 1 day after treatment, and this response predicted optimistic medical consequence 1 week later. Mood and adjustment disorders comorbid with cancer diagnoses are debilitating and are related to poor medical outcomes (27). Each subject acted as his or her personal management and had two treatment periods in random order spaced quantity of} weeks apart: one session with a reasonable dose of psilocybin (0. The main cancer sorts were breast (N=13), higher aerodigestive tract (N=7), gastrointestinal (N=4), genitourinary (N=18), hematologic malignancies (N=8), and different (N=1). Participants were excluded if they that they} were taking psychoactive prescription medicines. During the psilocybin periods, participants acquired a high dose (22 mg/70 kg) or a low dose (1 mg or 3 mg/70 kg) of psilocybin, with the low dose serving as an lively management. Participants were crossed over to obtain the alternative dose in a second session 5 weeks later. Before the first psilocybin session, participants met with study screens to discuss "meaningful features" of their lives. During dosing periods, therapists provided a supportive presence and encouraged participants to "belief, let go, and be open" to the expertise, but in any other case were nondirective. The information showed that high-dose but not low-dose psilocybin produced large and important decreases in depression and nervousness signs after 5 weeks, and this effect continued through 6-month follow-up. A double-blind placebo-controlled (using niacin) randomized managed crossover study by Ross et al. After 7 weeks, the placebo group was crossed over to psilocybin and the lively psilocybin group to placebo. Medication-assisted psychotherapy included preparatory psychotherapy, treatment dosing periods, and postdosing integrative psychotherapy. Two study therapists, sometimes one male and one feminine, were present and out there for psychological and medical assist throughout the length of the experimental periods. The psilocybin-first group had important within-group reductions compared with baseline in nervousness and depression in any respect six time factors, including the final time point at 26 weeks after dosing. Before being crossed over to psilocybin, the placebo-first group had no sustained important reductions on any of the first measures. Immediately after receiving psilocybin, the placebo-first group had important within-group reductions in depression and nervousness signs on 5 of six main measures. These reductions continued and were present in any respect three time factors, including the final time point at 26 weeks after dose 2 (approximately 6. There is preliminary proof that psilocybin efficacious in the treatment of substance use disorders. The first four weeks of treatment consisted of cognitive-behavioral remedy, assigning a goal give up date, and keeping a smoking diary. Psilocybin was administered at weeks 5 and seven, with an elective third psilocybin session at week 13. Participants got a reasonable dose of psilocybin (20 mg/70 kg) through the first experimental session and acquired a better dose of psilocybin (30 mg/70 kg) at their second and third experimental periods, except they requested a reasonable dose of psilocybin. At the 6-month follow-up, 12 of the 15 participants (80%) were laboratory-verified as abstinent; 10 participants (67%) remained abstinent at 12 months, and 9 (75%) at 2. The pilot study has been extended to embrace ninety five participants and must be completed by 2021 (ClinicalTrials. Participants also acquired psychotherapy, which included 14 periods: seven periods of motivational enhancement remedy, three preparation periods, two psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy periods, and two debriefing periods. The main consequence measures were the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale, the Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale, the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale, and the Profile of Mood States. Two therapists were present throughout the psilocybin periods, and their interactions with the participants were supportive and nondirective. The study found that abstinence considerably elevated after the first psilocybin session at four weeks and was largely sustained through 36 weeks. The study is projected to enroll a hundred and eighty participants and is expected to be completed in 2020 (ClinicalTrials. Central to psilocybin-assisted remedy is the notion that participant response correlates with a psilocybin-induced "mystical" or "non secular" expertise. Confirmatory factor analyses have demonstrated the reliability and validity of the instrument, and external and convergent validity have been demonstrated by latent variable scores positively predicting psilocybin-related changes in attitudes, conduct, and well-being (32). In an evaluation of one hundred ten healthy study volunteers from 227 psilocybin administrations, researchers found no proof of hallucinogen persisting notion disorder, extended psychosis, or different long-term impairment of functioning in any subjects (37). Much of the analysis on the sequelae from psilocybin and different basic psychedelic use is from research that display screen participants for a history of psychiatric issues, regulate the dosage of the drug, and administer the drug in a managed setting. Contrast this with the potential results of psilocybin in an uncontrolled group setting. In a web-based survey (38) of just about|of virtually} 2,000 people who answered positively to the query of whether or not, after taking psilocybin mushrooms, they "ever had a psychologically troublesome or difficult expertise. Twenty-four p.c of participants reported psychological signs lasting 1 week or longer. At this time, Compass Pathways, a London-based life sciences firm, is beginning part 2B medical trials in Europe and North America in 216 patients throughout 12�15 analysis websites for treatment-resistant depression, with additional part 3 research (40�42). Additional research are investigating psilocybin for the treatment of cocaine use disorder (ClinicalTrials. It can induce emotions of closeness to others, enhance emotional empathy, enhance sociality, and acutely impair concern recognition (50). It also causes glutamate launch in the frontal cortex and elevated practical connectivity and excitability in thalamic and cortical constructions (11, 54�58). Comparing trait and state nervousness scores at baseline with these on the 2-month followup yielded effect sizes of 1. All 4 participants in the low-dose (placebo) group skilled increases in trait nervousness over time, and two of them also had increases in state nervousness (69). During the experimental periods, participants rested in hospital beds and had the choice of listening to music on headphones (no various entertainment was provided, and no specific guidance or remedy was provided). The Mysticism Scale total rating was elevated, with important increases in introvertive and extrovertive factor scores.

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For surgeons who had more than one subspecialty, their primary subspecialty was used in the evaluation. The academic content of the web site} and talent to contact the healthcare suppliers on-line by way of the web site} or linked social media pages was additionally recorded. The quality of patient education offered on each web site was scored from zero to three with a de novo categorical classification. The highest rating for patient education achieved was recorded for surgeons with quantity of} skilled websites. Website focus, either industrial or commercial-educational mixture, was categorised utilizing the factors described in Table 1. To higher analyze regional variations among orthopaedic surgeons, the nation was divided into 5 geographic regions as delineated by the National Geographic Society: Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, Midwest, and West6 (Figure 1, A). Results Demographics Our cohort consisted of 246 orthopaedic surgeons, including 229 (93. Geographic, subspecialty, age, and intercourse distributions are shown in Supplemental Table 1 (Supplemental Digital Content 1, hyperlinks. Overall, thirteen surgeons e87 Copyright � the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Orthopaedic Surgeon Professional Profile Content In whole, 321 websites for 232 surgeons had been recognized and evaluated. Table 1 reveals the categorization of the websites surveyed in accordance with our classification. Regionally, social media hyperlinks for surgeons had been present in 74% of profiles in the West and in 90. All feminine surgeons included a social media hyperlink A, Map exhibiting the geographic areas of the United States that had been used to regionally outline the online presence of orthopaedic surgeons. This determine illustrates the distribution of patient education scores by geographic regions defined in (A). Figure 2 Website Educational Focus Educational content in almost half of web site profiles obtained a rating of two or higher (Table 3). For years in practice, more than 45% of profiles in each age bracket obtained patient education scores of two or three. In each geographic area, 45% of profiles included academic movies, apart from the West, where 64% of profiles obtained a rating of 1 or decrease (Figure 1, B). Subspecialties had some variation; spine surgeons had the best proportion of profiles that achieved an academic rating of 3 (38. The Internet and social media not only provide alternatives for advertising of practices but additionally are useful tools for providing correct academic content. Our knowledge indicate that there was a change in the academic content available on each doctor and hospital orthopaedic websites. From 2000 to 2004, several of} articles investigated the content and accuracy net sites} of curiosity to orthopaedic sufferers. Rozental et al5 examined present websites of 113 departments of orthopaedic surgical procedure accredited for resident education and located that only thirteen websites (11. In one other study in 2004, Rozental et al4 compared the websites of educational orthopaedic surgical procedure departments and private practices regarding the information present on frequent orthopaedic circumstances, discovering that only eleven. Beredjiklian et al3 evaluated the academic quality net sites} and located that the search phrase "carpal tunnel syndrome" resulted in only 23% of sites sites|of websites} authored by a doctor e89 Copyright � the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Internet Presence of Orthopaedic Surgeons Figure three Chart exhibiting social media hyperlinks present on surgeon web site profiles (n = 321). Our knowledge show that vital change has occurred over the past decade, with an growing prevalence of academic information on each hospital and private practice websites. In whole, 212 personal practice websites (group or personal) had been examined, with only forty two (19. Overall, group practices and hospitals had been much more likely|more likely} to hyperlink to social media platforms compared with profiles on particular person skilled websites. In comparability with other specialties, orthopaedic surgeons have been shown to use social media less e90 Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Copyright � the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Third, as a result of|as a end result of} most websites are managed by groups or hospitals, particular person physicians may have limited management over their own profile and web site content and hyperlinks. Fourth, some surgeons with quantity of} websites may have had a few of their content excluded as a result of|as a end result of} only the top three Google-identified, skilled websites had been reviewed. Although there was an increase in the on-line presence of orthopaedic surgeons over the past decade, there remains variability primarily based on geography, subspecialty and surgeon intercourse. Further alternatives exist for utilization of} the Internet and social media to enhance surgeonpatient interactions, academic content, and advertising. Curry E, Li X, Nguyen J, Matzkin E: Prevalence of Internet and social media utilization in orthopedic surgical procedure. Adilman R, Rajmohan Y, Brooks E, et al: Social media use among physicians and trainees: Results of a nationwide medical oncology doctor survey. Klee D, Covey C, Zhong L: Social media beliefs and utilization among household medicine residents and working towards household physicians. A crosssectional study of the web site} presence and social media exercise of Canadian plastic surgeons. References References printed in bold sort are these revealed within the past 5 years. January 15, 2020, Vol 28, No 2 e91 Copyright � the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Position Paper Annals of Internal Medicine Online Medical Professionalism: Patient and Public Relationships: Policy Statement From the American College of Physicians and the Federation of State Medical Boards Jeanne M. Opportunities afforded by on-line purposes characterize model new} frontier in medicine as physicians and sufferers turn into more related. This position paper from the American College of Physicians and the Federation of State Medical Boards examines and provides suggestions about the affect of social media on the patient� doctor relationship, the role of these media in public notion of doctor behaviors, and methods for physician�physician communication that protect confidentiality whereas best utilizing these technologies. Organizational statements addressing these issues are beginning to appear, but they may not provide specific guidance to cope with and anticipate issues. Innovations usually deliver benefits, but speedy introduction of know-how generally outpaces present policies, laws, and tips. This article provides a framework for analyzing medical B ethics and professionalism issues in on-line postings and interactions, including utilization of} electronic assets for medical or direct patient care involving patient information outside of the electronic health report, and the nonclinical or private use of these media. It presents the implications of on-line actions for sufferers, physicians, the profession, and society and incorporates suggestions (Table) that tackle on-line communication with sufferers, utilization of} social media websites to gather and share information about sufferers, physician-produced blogs, doctor posting of personal information that sufferers can entry, and communications among colleagues about patient care. Here, "on-line" or "digital" refers to the electronic posting of data and its exchange utilizing computers and telephones. This article provides guidance for practitioners, trainees, and medical students in navigating the digital world, including utilization of} social networking, running a blog, on-line boards, media sharing websites, cell phone pictures, electronic looking out, texting, and e-mailing. Online Physician Activities: Benefits, Pitfalls, and Recommended Safeguards Activity Communications with sufferers utilizing e-mail, text, and prompt messaging Potential Benefits Greater accessibility Immediate solutions to nonurgent issues Potential Pitfalls Confidentiality issues Replacement of face-to-face or telephone interaction Ambiguity or misinterpretation of digital interactions Sensitivity to source of data Threaten belief in patient�physician relationship Non�peer-reviewed materials may provide inaccurate information Scam "patient" websites that misrepresent therapies and outcomes Negative on-line content, similar to "venting" or ranting, that disparages sufferers and colleagues Blurring of skilled and private boundaries Impact on illustration of the person and the profession Confidentiality issues Unsecured networks and accessibility of protected health information Recommended Safeguards Establish tips for forms of issues applicable for digital communication Reserve digital communication only for sufferers who maintain face-to-face follow-up Consider intent of search and utility of findings Consider implications for ongoing care Vet information to ensure accuracy of content Refer sufferers only to reputable websites and sources "Pause before posting" Consider the content and the message it sends a few doctor as a person and the profession Maintain separate personas, private and skilled, for on-line social habits Scrutinize materials available for public consumption Implement health information know-how solutions for safe messaging and data sharing Follow institutional practice and coverage for distant and mobile entry of protected health information Use of social media websites to gather information about sufferers Use of on-line academic assets and associated information with sufferers Physician-produced blogs, microblogs, and doctor posting of comments by others Physician posting of doctor private information on public social media websites Observe and counsel sufferers on risk-taking or health-averse behaviors Intervene in an emergency Encourage patient empowerment by way of self-education Supplement resource-poor environments Advocacy and public health enhancement Introduction of doctor "voice" into such conversations Networking and communications Physician use of digital venues. Maintaining belief in the profession and in patient�physician relationships requires that physicians consistently apply moral ideas for preserving the connection, confidentiality, privacy, and respect for persons to on-line settings and communications. After literature critiques and an environmental assessment to determine the scope of issues, drafts had been debated, and a consensus was reached on issues by way of facilitated discussion. Encounters between sufferers and physicians should only occur within the bounds of an established patient�physician relationship, which entails rights and obligations for each events. E-mail and other electronic technique of communication can supplement, but not exchange, faceto-face encounters. Establishing positive patient�physician relationships and sustaining skilled decorum are core parts of coaching that should be fostered from medical college by way of all stages of skilled improvement. Online professionalism can pose challenges because of the ambiguity of written language with out the context of body language or lack of knowledge of the potential abuses of such media (5). The preliminary choice about whether or not to extend the patient�physician relationship to the online setting consists of the next elements: the meant function of the exchange and the content of dialog; the immediacy of electronic media and expectations, including response time; how communication will happen (for example, by way of social networking websites, microblogging, or skilled e-mail on a protected server) whereas sustaining confidentiality; and the way emergency or urgent situations shall be managed. The Patient�Physician Relationship: To Friend (and Google) or Not to Friend (and Google)? One current study suggested that many sufferers extend on-line "pal" requests to their physicians, though only a few physicians reciprocate or respond (7). Organizational coverage statements more and more discourage private communication between physicians and sufferers on-line (8). Information exchanged on the Web is a minimum of|no less than} a 2-way avenue as a result of|as a end result of} it may even be available to common public|most of the people|most people}. Just as sufferers may learn about the private habits of physicians, physicians may observe sufferers participating in risk-taking or health-averse behaviors. Information a few patient from on-line sources useful in the care of that patient, but physicians should be delicate to the source.

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This is the first and principal instrumentality of Kerala State in offering human resources, abilities and know-how required for the sustainable growth of Fisheries and Ocean Studies. It acts as a centre of excellence for human resource growth in Fisheries and Ocean Studies and the nodal agency to establish relationship with institutions and universities performing at nationwide and worldwide degree. The mission of the University is to serve as a flagship University of upper studying through demonstrated and growing excellence in educating, analysis, extension, training, scholarship and creative work in Fisheries and Ocean studies, comparable with international requirements that may profit the nation and the world at giant. The supreme authority of the University is the Senate and the chief govt body is the Governi ng Council. The University is mandated to affiliate all Colleges and Institutions in Kerala, imparting professional training in well being care. Kerala University of Health Sciences is a medical university within the city of Thrissur in Kerala, India. The uni versity is positioned in seventy five acres (30 ha) on the Government Medical College, Thrissur campus. All branches of treatment would come underneath the university and medical and para-medical colleges now functioning underneath totally different Universities, like University of Kerala, Mahatma Gandhi University, Calicut University, Kannur University, Cochin University of Science and Technology, and Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit, would come underneath this university. The territorial jurisdiction of the university shall lengthen to the whole of the State of Kerala. Increase in population density, high land strain, varying climatic conditions, improve in price of production and reduced availability of land for fodder cultivation are variety of the} major issues affecting this sector. Even with these adverse conditions, Kerala could achieve spectacular growth in livestock production. The state has full community of veterinary institutions at the Grama panchayat degree and has more than ninety percent crossbred cattle. During the last four many years, Kerala could achieve quantum jump in milk production. Livestock rearing is steadily shifting from subsidiary to main occupation in rural areas. Since ladies involvement is more than eighty percent, more variety of ladies self assist teams are actively concerned in livestock farming i n the state. There is dawn potential for training and analysis in veterinary and animal sciences. Taking in to account the growing significance of this sector, Government of Kerala has established Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University to give emphasis to training, analysis and growth within the livestock sector. Moreover the university has analysis stations at Thumbermuzhi, Thiruvazhamkunnu and Mannuthy. Since this is a a|it is a} newly established university, improvement of infrastructure amenities is of paramount significance. The office bearers assured the federal government that the University will present quality hello gher training and concentrate on to} analysis and professional courses to generate finest human resources. Jaswinder Singh Dhillon said the varsities were following the Ordinance issued by the office of the Governor. They said that the multi- college, professional Khalsa University will give enhance to larger training and analysis in this border region within the state. D programmes in nearly all subjects together with Agriculture, Engineering, Pharmacy, Nursing, Education, Physical Education, Languages, Sikh History, Law, Library Sciences, Medical Lab Technology and Journalism has already been completed. Jaswinder Singh Dhillon said the varsity were following the Ordinance issued by the office of the Governor. D programmes in nearly all subjects together with Agriculture, Engineering, Pharmacy, N ursing, Education, Physical Education, Languages, Sikh History, Law, Library Sciences, Medical Lab Technology and Journalism has already been completed. To instill a sense of delight and achievement of private accomplishment and to develop a sense of accountability path of|in direction of} society, fellow beings and the nation. Khallikote University was started as a school in 1856 became an intermediate College in 1878 named Native College. It was affiliated to Utkal University until 1967, when Berhampur Uni versity was established. The architect of the buildings was Sir Swinton Jacob and the options were designed within the Indo-Saracenic fashion to be in keeping with|consistent with|in line with} historical and royal buildings of this capital of Oudh and with the Imambara or Tomb of Nawab Asaf-ud-Daulah, which stands immediately apart from the College and which dates from 1784. The whole price of the Hospital and College building was about 30 lakhs of rupees; the Local Government was indebted to the Government of India for a contribution of 10 lakhs path of|in direction of} the price. The staff of the College and Hospital started with an irreducible minimal of members, and schemes for enlargement were being thought of from the beginning, when the Great War supervened. The first batch of scholars certified in 1916, and these additionally and the subsequent few succeeding batches were for essentially the most part absorbed by military requirement, and only after 1920 could the College be said to be steadily returning to its regular and progressive condition. In 1905 the go to of King-Emperor, George V, then Prince of Wales, impressed the concept of building a college to commemorate the event. The originator of this fantastic best to commemorate the event was late Raja Sir Tassadnq Rasul Khan of Jehangirabad to whom Sir Harcourt Butler wrote on 1st December 1905. Sir Harcourt Butler himself was largely answerable for speedy maturation of the scheme by the vitality in collecting subscriptions and by his talents in organisation. A image of the Prince & Princess of Wales with eminent citizens of Oudh at the Foundation Ceremony of the college. The success of this great project of medical training and aid was already assured when the muse stone was laid by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales in 1906, and during his second go to for the Coronation Durbar as King Emperor, His Majesty was pleased to give his consent and to designate the College by his name. The College buildings consisted of a fantastic Administrative Block, an Anatomical block, a mixed Pathological and Physiological block and a Medico-Legal Department. As quickly as the College was completed the development of the Hospital itself was commenced. The variety of beds offered was 232 and apart from the primary Hospital block there were an Isolation Block and separated Cottage wards. Prabhakar Kore Charitable Hospital and three Primary Health Centres and one urban Health centre would be the epicenters of post graduate and underneath graduate training, wherein sufferers are treated free and exclusively meant for training the post graduate and underneath graduate in their primary information and abilities. His distinguished tenure between 1971 and 1985 was marked by the achievement of high requirements of discipline, decorum, and academic excellence. During his tenure; the college saw huge growth in infrastructure and studying resources. The institute in pursuit of its vision will present outstanding educational expertise, in all the disciplines of Medicine and allied Health Sciences. Bhoomaraddi Campus, Vidyanagar Hubballi - 580 031, Karnat ak a Fax: +91 - 836 - 2374985 E-mail: info@ let ech. Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology has achieved distinguished status at the nationwide degree, due to of} a robust emphasis on academic excellence and analysis of greatest worth to the society. The college provides 12 Undergraduate and 9 Postgraduate programs by which over 5400 students pursue their engineering studies. Considering the synergy between analysis and wonderful educational environment, the college has established 13 analysis centres in numerous fields of Engineering, where more than hundred analysis scholars are worki ng towards their doctoral degree. After attaining autonomous status in 2007, the college undertook a holistic academic reform course of to present a very world-class studying envi ronment by adopting Outcome Based Education framework. The results of this reform course of is reflected in students success of attaining over 950 placement provides this 12 months. The information and competency of our graduates have attracted eighty major multinational corporations like Microsoft, Toshiba, Sony, Mercedes Benz, Bosch, Infosys, Accenture etc. The whole variety of students enrolled in Kolhan University for Bachelors, Masters and Vocational/Professional Courses involves fifty five,500. The Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh U niversity Act was revealed within the Govt. The authorities of Gujarat determined to present a separate university for the region of Kachchh. The Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University Act was revealed within the authorities Gazette in March 2003. The building work for the administrative blocks, four college blocks, library, laptop building, visitor home, hostels was estimated at 35 crores (funded by Gujarat State). The Kachchh University started its administrative and academic activity at the new creating campus in 2007. The university started with 10 colleges in 2004, having 28 colleges with more than 15,000 students and nearly 200 lecturers working within the colleges of Arts, Commerce, Science, Education, Law, Technology incl uding Engineering and Pharmacy. The university was named after Eminent scholar and freedom fighter Pandit Shyamji Krishna Verma of Mandvi, Kachchh. The campus is spread over 60 acres and is nicely connected by nationwide highwa y to Mumbai & Pune International Airport. The constituent colleges of the Uni versity include Medical, Dental, Physiotherapy, Nursing and Biotechnology offeri ng undergraduate and postgraduate courses in respective colleges. The educating hospital is 1100 bedded multi specialty tertiary care hospital with amenities for Critical Care, Endoscopic Surgeries, Dialysis, Cardiology, Cardio-vascularthoracicsurgery, Oncology, Urology, Neuro surgery & Plastic surgery etc.

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In 1492, the socio-political consequences of the invention of the New World expanded European uni versity curricula, as human rights and worldwide regulation turned contemporarily relevant matters. The Spanish enslavement of the native (aboriginal) populaces they conquered in the "New World" of the Americas eventually raised ethico-moral questions in Europe concerning the human rights of the American aboriginals - questions of cultural tolerance evinced by Renaissance humanism, the Bible, and medi�val theories of natural regulation. In the mid-16th century, scholarly and scientific journals made it possible to "spread innovations among the learned"; by the 18th century, universities printed their own analysis journals. Both have been connected with the the daybreak of the A ge of Enlightenment, the increase of the bourgeoisie during industrialization and the decline of classical medieval Scholasticism but used quite different approaches. The particular German Bildungsb�rgertum, whi ch emerged in starting from the mid-18th century with an educational best based mostly on idealistic values and classical antiquity had failed in gaining political power and in its aims for nationalist motion. The Bildungsb�rger turned to schooling as means to assemble a typical nationwide tradition and strived for freedom in opposition to the nobility in power. Onl y when Prussia and its absolutist government had been completely defeated by the Napoleonic armies in 1806, the weak point of the defeated government allowed for the Prussian reforms of the countries establishments. Wilhelm von Humboldt was appointed Geheimer Staatsrat (not minister as intended) of schooling 1809 and held workplace for just one|for only one} 12 months. Humboldt envisioned the university schooling as a student-centered activity of analysis: Just as primary instruction makes the trainer possible, so he renders himself dispensable by way of education on the secondary degree. The university trainer is thus not a trainer and the coed is not a pupil. Instead the coed conducts analysis on his personal behalf and the professor supervises his analysis and supports him in it. Early 19th-century American educators have been also fascinated by German instructional tendencies. The Prussian method was used for example in the Michigan Constitution of 1835, which absolutely embraced the general Prussian system by introducing a spread of primary colleges, secondary colleges, and the University of Michigan itself, all administered by the state and supported with tax-based funding. However, a few of the the} ideas in the Prussian reforms of primordial schooling, Bildung and its close interplay of schooling, society and nation-building are in conflict with American state-sceptical libertarian pondering. The French U niversity model lacked the freedom of the German model, consisting of extreme self-discipline and management over the curriculum, awarding of degrees, conformity of views, and private habits (for example, there was a ban on beards in 1852). Polytechnique was established in 1794 by the mathematician Gaspard Monge during the French Revolution, and became a military academy beneath Napoleon I in 1804. Today, the establishment still runs beneath the supervision of the French ministry of Defence. The German university model was also used in Russian universities, which hired lecturers trained in Germany and which devoted themselves to science. At the identical time, Russian universities have been meant to practice the bureaucracy in the identical means because the French grandes �coles. Throughout the 19th and twentieth centuries, Russian universities underwent much variation in their degrees of strictness and management. British universities of this era adopted some approaches acquainted to the German universities, but as they already enjoyed substantial freedoms and autonomy the adjustments there had begun with the Age of Enlightenment, the identical influences that inspired Humboldt. Students may conduct analysis in seminars or laboratories and began to produce doctoral theses with more scientific content material. According to Humboldt, the mission of the University of Berlin was to pursue scientific knowledge. The German university system fostered skilled, bureaucratically regulated scientific analysis carried out in well-equipped laboratories, as an alternative of the type of analysis carried out by private and particular person scholars in Great Britain and France. In fact, R�egg asserts that the German system is answerable for the development of the fashionable analysis university as a result of|as a end result of} it focused on the thought of "freedom of scientific analysis, instructing and examine. Professorship was awarded to distinguished scholars, and was rescindable only if responsible of a critical crime. The London University, by Thomas Hosmer Shepherd (1827�28) Popular access to higher schooling slowly started after 1914, but the principal remaining obstacle was its expense. Moreover, it was not till the mid-19th century that universities admitted ladies college students, who confronted great difficulties, such as having no civil rights and societal-institutional sexism doubting their mental capacities and their right to take part in a university schooling. In the occasion, the entrance of common college students to the colleges challenged the ideology of the German model, as a result of|as a end result of} their diversified middleand working-class backgrounds, hence different expectations, resulted in a less concretely Humboldtian university. R�egg suggests that pupil propensity to creating pupil actions, based mostly upon up to date politics, parallels their attitudes of mental freedom and social accountability. To wit, the Loi Falloux (Falloux Law) of 1850 attempted to reinstate some instructional power to the Roman Catholic Church, but, by then, the Universit� de France had de facto substantive management of French higher schooling. Those universities disseminated Western European science and technology and trained the local inhabitants (foremost the local elite) to develop their countries sources; and, though most promoted the social, political, financial, and cultural aims of the imperial rulers, some promoted revolutionary development of the colonial societies. In the twentieth century, urbanization and industrialization made a university schooling obtainable to the mass populace. Throughout, the essential construction and analysis purposes of the colleges have remained constant; per Clark Kerr, they "are among the least changed of establishments". Universities are regarded as comprising all establishments of higher schooling acknowledged as universities by the public public} or ecclesiastical authorities in charge and authorized to confer tutorial degrees in more than one school. At the outset of the 19th century, European uni versities had been severely affected by the Napoleonic Wars, their number falling in the transient span of time between 1789 and 1815 by sixty to eighty three. By 1840 their number recovered to ninety eight universities with approximately 80,000 college students and 5,000 professors. Notwithstanding the trend course of|in course of} specialised establishments of higher learning � in France, for instance, the colleges had been suppressed and changed by Grandes �coles �, the scale of the coed and professor bodies multiplied over the following hundred years, attaining a size of 600,000 and 32,000 members respectively at around 200 uni versities. In total, the interval noticed about 220 universities in existence which are be} listed below. Humboldt University, based in Berlin in 1810, was a much emulated model of a contemporary university in the 19 th century (photochrom from 1900) the record is sorted by the date of recognition. A college a degree-awarding tertiary instructional establishment, half of|part of} a collegiate university, or an institution offering vocational schooling. In the United States and Italy, "college" formally refers to a constituent a part of} a university, but typically "college" and "university" are used interchangeably, whereas in Oceania and South Asia "college" may refer to a secondary or highschool, a school of further schooling, a coaching establishment that awards trade qualifications, or a constituent a part of} a university. In the state of Victoria, some state excessive colleges are referred to as secondary faculties. Interestingly, the pre-eminent government secondary college for boys in Melbourne remains to be named Melbourne Hi gh School. In Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory, "college" is used in the name of all state excessive colleges constructed since the that} late Nineteen Nineties, and likewise some older ones. In New South Wales, some excessive colleges, especially multi-campus colleges resulting from mergers, are generally known as|often known as} "secondary faculties". In Queensland some newer colleges whi ch settle for primary and highschool college students are styled state college, but state colleges offering only secondary schooling are called "State High School". In Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory, "college" refers to the final two years of excessive college (years 11 and 12), and the establishments which 569 present this. In this context, "college" is a system unbiased of the other years . In Canadian cities, many government-run secondary colleges are called "collegiates" or "collegiate institutes" (C. This is as a result of|as a end result of} these secondary colleges have historically focused on tutorial, quite than vocational, subjects and skill ranges (for example, collegiates offered Latin whereas vocational colleges offered technical courses). Some private secondary colleges (such as Upper Canada College, Vancouver College) select to use the word "college" in their names nonetheless. Some secondary colleges elsewhere in the country, particularly ones within the separate college system, may use the word "college" or "collegiate" in their names. In New Zealand the word "college" usually refers to a secondary college for ages 13 to 17 and "college" seems as a part of} the name especially of private or built-in colleges. In Sri Lanka the word "college" (known as Vidyalaya in Sinhala) usually refers to a secondary college, which usually signifies above the 5th standard. During the British colonial interval a limited number of unique secondary colleges have been established based mostly on English public college model (Royal College Colombo, S. Since Sri Lanka gained Independence in 1948, many colleges which were established have been named as "college". Examples are an electoral college, the College of Arms, a school of canons, and the College of Cardinals. Other collegiate bodies include skilled associations, particularly in drugs and allied professions.

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When blood plasma is separated from erythrocytes, vitamin C is the primary antioxidant to disappear. Vitamin C is a robust antioxidant end result of|as a result of} might possibly} donate a hydrogen atom and kind a relatively stable ascorbyl free radical (Figure 27). Vitamin C also scavenges reactive nitrogen oxide species to stop nitrosation of goal molecules (61). The ascorbyl free radical could be transformed back to decreased ascorbate by accepting another hydrogen atom or might possibly} bear further oxidation to dehydroascorbate. Recycling of vitamin C will depend upon the reducing surroundings which exists in metabolically energetic cells. In atrophic tissues or tissues exposed to irritation, cell viability might fail and with it the ability to recycle vitamin C. In such an surroundings, the ability of newly released granulocytes (62) or macrophages (63) to scavenge vitamin C from the encircling fluid invaluable for conservation of an essential nutrient as well as|in addition to} reducing the chance of ascorbate changing into a pro-oxidant by way of its capacity to cut back iron (37). There are roughly 50 carotenoids with pro-vitamin A activity, but -carotene is the most important and considered one of the|is among the|is doubtless one of the} most generally distributed carotenoids in plant species (64). Approximately 2�6 mg -carotene is consumed by adults every day in developed nations (65, 66) and comparable quantities of lutein (67) and lycopene (66) are most likely also consumed. Consumption is small but bio-availability of carotenoids higher from fruit than vegetable, so its contribution to dietary intake and vitamin A status higher than the quantity within the food plan would predict. The latter is liable for the antioxidant properties of the molecule (33, 70, 71). The chemical properties of the carotenoids closely relate to the prolonged system of conjugated double bonds, which occupies the central half of} carotenoid molecules, and varied useful groups on the terminal ring constructions. Carotenoids in general and lycopene specifically are very environment friendly at quenching singlet oxygen (72, 73). In this course of the carotene absorbs the surplus power from singlet oxygen and then releases it as warmth. However, �-carotene has been used within the remedy of erythropoietic protoporphyria (75), which is a light-sensitive condition which in some individuals reply to remedy with quantities of -carotene (in extra of 180 mg/day) (76). It has been advised that giant quantities of dietary carotenes might present some safety towards solar radiation but outcomes are equivocal. Burton and Ingold (33) had been the primary to draw attention to the radical-trapping properties of -carotene. Using in vitro research, they confirmed that -carotene was effective in reducing the speed of lipid peroxidation at the low oxygen concentrations found in tissues. Because all carotenoids have the same basic structure, they need to} all have comparable properties. Indeed, a number of} authors counsel that the hydroxy-carotenoids are better radical-trapping antioxidants than is -carotene (81, 82). It has also been advised that end result of|as a result of} the carotenoid molecule is long enough to span the bilayer lipid membrane (83), the presence of oxy useful groups on the ring constructions might facilitate comparable reactivation of the carotenoid radical in a manner just like that of the phenoxyl radical of vitamin E (33). Bendich (84) advised that -carotene protects phagocytes from auto-oxidative harm; enhances T and B lymphocyte proliferative responses; stimulates effector T cell perform; and enhances macrophage, cytotoxic T cell, and pure killer cell tumoricidal capability. Some knowledge are in conflict with evidence of protective effects on the immune system (85, 86) and other knowledge have found no effect (87). Defences boosted in those at risk nevertheless it attainable to reveal any benefit in healthy subjects (88). Thus in a metabolically energetic tissue cell in a healthy subject with an enough dietary intake, harm to tissue might be minimal and many of the harm occurring might be repaired (36). These observations counsel that the antioxidant nutrient necessities of the general inhabitants could be met by a generous consumption of fruit and vegetables and the slogan "5 portions a day" has been promoted to publicize this concept (90). Such effects might exacerbate an established an infection or might provoke irreversible changes resulting in a state of chronic illness. Can such effects also be minimised by a generous intake of dietary antioxidants within the type of fruit and vegetables or are dietary supplements needed? It is usually recognised that sure groups of individuals have an increased risk of free radical - initiated harm. People who smoke are exposed to free radicals inhaled within the tobacco smoke and have an increased risk of many diseases. People abusing alcohol need to develop increased metabolic capability to deal with the additional alcohol load. Similar dangers confronted by folks working in environments where there are elevated ranges of risky solvents. Car drivers and other folks working in dense visitors exposed to elevated 280 Chapter 17: Dietary antioxidants ranges of exhaust fumes. Of the above groups, smokers are probably the most broadly accessible folks and this has made them a goal for a number of} massive antioxidant-nutrient intervention research. In addition, smokers often display low plasma concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin C. However, no obvious advantages to the health of smokers have emerged from these research and, in reality, -carotene dietary supplements had been related to an increased risk of lung most cancers in two separate research (35, 94) and with extra fatal cardiac occasions in one of them (95). Other risk groups recognized by their already having had some non-malignant type of most cancers, corresponding to non-melanomatous skin most cancers (77) or a colorectal adenoma (96), confirmed no effect on subsequent recurrences after a number of} years of elevated intakes of antioxidant vitamins. The use of -carotene (77) or vitamin E alone or together with vitamin C (96) confirmed no advantages. Some intervention trials nevertheless have been extra profitable in demonstrating a health benefit. Stitch and colleagues (97, 98) gave massive portions of -carotene and sometimes vitamin A to chewers of betel quids in Kerala, India, and to Canadian Inuits with premalignant lesions of the oral tract and confirmed reductions in leukoplakia and micronuclei from the buccal mucosa. These research are tough to interpret end result of|as a result of} the subjects might have been marginally malnourished initially and the dietary supplements might have merely restored dietary adequacy. Recruits to the examine had been randomly assigned to obtain vitamin E (800 or four hundred mg/day) or placebo. Initial outcomes of the trial advised a significant reduction in nonfatal myocardial infarctions but a non-significant extra of cardiovascular deaths (100). The trial formally led to 1996, but mortality has continued to be monitored and the authors now report significantly fewer deaths in those that obtained vitamin E for the total trial (101) (see Chapter 9). In conclusion, some research have proven that health advantages could be obtained by some folks with increased risk of illness from dietary supplements of antioxidant vitamins. The quantities of dietary supplements used have, nevertheless, been massive and the effect possibly has been pharmacologic. Further work is required to present whether or not extra modest will increase in nutrient intakes in healthy adult populations will delay or stop the onset of chronic illness. Proposed definition and plan for evaluate of dietary antioxidant and associated compounds. Zinc and immune perform: the biological basis of altered resistance to an infection. Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens, oxygen radicals and degenerative diseases. Update on the biological characteristics of the antioxidant micronutrients: vitamin C, vitamin E and the carotenoids. Dietary antioxdant flavonoids and risk of coronary coronary heart illness: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Copper and iron are mobilised following myocardial ischemia: Possible predictive standards for tissue harm. Kinetics of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production and formation of peroxynitrite in the course of the respirtory burst of Human neutrophils. Direct observations of a free radical interaction between vitamin E and vitamin C. The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung most cancers and other cancers in male smokers. Identification of a 57-kilodalton selenoprotein in Human thyrocytes as thioredoxin redctase and evidence that its expression is regulated by way of the calcium phosphoinositol-signalling pathway. Selenium metabolism and platelet glutathione peroxidase activity in healthy Finnish males: effects of selenium yeast, selenite and selenate.

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Nagpur has now turn out to be an international airport with direct flights from Sharjah and many of|and a lot of} more on the anvil in the close to future. The students welfare actions at this University is one of the|is among the|is doubtless one of the} high priorities for ensuri ng all types of students help and welfare on a continuing foundation so that the students feel glad relating to the position of the University. At any educational institution, students occupy a pivotal position and all actions revolve round them. Hence, the general institutional atmosphere should reflect deliberate efforts for the welfare of its main stakeholder and the actions should not be just confined to narrow targets of achievements of desired tutorial requirements but also incorporate acutely aware efforts directed path of|in course of} general welfare of the students. The university encourages interdisciplinary study and believes every one|that each one} areas of study can inform and enrich one another. This institution is ready to turn out to be a global hub in training, analysis and placement of the students. It captures the essence of the very purpose of human existence, which is, to imbibe the good and discard the evil. Steadfastly balanced between the 2 "Anglo" that refers to the most effective of the western knowledge. We are to set and achieve highest requirements in training as our elegant mission is man-making. Davangere which was part of of} Chitradurga District grew to become a separate District on 15th August 1997 and is emerging as an essential educational centre in addition to being a well-known business and industrial city in Karnataka. Davangere University previous to its institution functioned as a Post-Graduate Centre of the University of Mysore from 1979 to 1987. Center came underneath the jurisdiction of model new} university end result of} its geographical location and hence functioned as its P. Davangere University was established (with a Gazette Notification from the Government of Karnataka) on 18th August 2009 by being carved out of Kuvempu University with a purpose and vision to meet the educational aspirations of the people of this region. The university has 112 Colleges affiliated to it in whole, with one Constituent College and one Autonomous College, offering Graduate and Post-Graduate programmes in various disciplines catering to the educational needs of more than 60,000 students. Davangere may be very nicely linked by highway and railways (with a distance of 265 kms highway, and 327 kms by railways) from Bangalore, the state capital of Karnataka. The sprawling 73 acres campus is free from air pollution and hustle and bustle of the town. It has 20 Post-Graduate Departments of Studies and Research on the principle campus offering 22 Post-graduate Programmes and a few Diploma Courses. The university intends to introduce few more Post-Graduate Programmes and Diploma Course from the educational yr 2013-2014, and is working path of|in course of} introducing more variety of inter-disciplinary, job-oriented and socially relevant programs in the years to come. The goal of the institute`s founding fathers was to evolve the superman of tomorrow. Accordingly, the three erstwhile schools ceased to exist as separate entities and commenced functioning as the college of Arts, Commerce, Education, Enginnering and Science from the educational session 1981-82. The Institute has since been accorded the Membership of the Association of Indian Universities. The Institute is located amidst the tranquil environs of Dayalbagh, a self-contained colony famend for its serene environment and secular establishing, during which its inhabitants lead an active, disciplined and co-operative neighborhood life, conforming to the high spiritual beliefs of their religion. On the outskirts of the historic metropolis of Agra, the campus is located in idyllic surroundings, away from the din and noise of the town. Nestled between lush inexperienced fields, it provides a superb tutorial setting which is in concord with nature. This, along with a simple, disciplined and principled life, undoubtedly contributes to the strength of the social, ethical and spiritual fiber of the institute`s educational system. Dayananda Sagar U ni versi t y creat ed by an Act of t he Karnataka St at e i n 2014, bui l t on t hi s adorabl e l egacy and that i nspi red by i t s personal mi l est ones, meet i ng t he needs of qual i t y hi gher edu cat i on i n t hi s part of of} t he worl d. U ni versi t i es of great l egacy across t he worl d are t he i nval uabl e cont ri but i on of cert ai n vi si onari es t o t he worl d. They share & i mpart mul t i t udes of st reams of knowl edge and creat e wonderful human bei ngs � l earned pract i ti oners & Di ssemi nat ors of knowl edge t o make t he worl d a guess t er pl ace t o be. These U ni versi ti es of great si gni fi cance have l i ved t hrough t he cent uri es bui l di ng cent ers of k nowl edge and great al umni of su ch U ni versi t i es. Besi des our hi gh-cal i bre t eachi ng workers, t he st udent s are gi ven a chal l engi ng academi c en vi ronment wi t h wel l -equi pped l ect ure t heat res, l aborat ori es, excel l ent l i brari es and comput er net worki ng faci l i t i es. The host el faci l i t i es, encompassi ng cul t ural and recreat i onal needs, cat er t o bot h l ocal and that i nt ernat i onal st udent s. Enabl i ng t hi s t ransformat i on is t he act i ve help of i ndust ry l eaders, i ndust ry bodi es and a dedi cat ed 4 l akh sq. ft fashionable ready-t o-move-i n i nf rast ruct ure!. Begi nni ng Academi c Year 2015�16, Dayananda Sagar U ni versi t y woul d offer programs i n Engi neeri ng, Comput er Appli cat i ons, Sci ences, Art s and Management i n t he Bachel ors, Mast ers and Ph. The Hindoo College was started on 6th October, 1821 by the Bombay Presidency Government on the initiative of its Governor, Mountstuart Elphinstone by utilizing the Dakshina Fund, which was started by Khanderao Dabhade, a Maratha Sardar and continued by the Peshwas for propagating Sanskrit studies. This College grew from strength to strength and has emerged as a foremost Institute in the world of upper learning and analysis. It was renamed because the Poona College on seventh June, 1851 and later because the Deccan College in October 1864. The Deccan College was shifted to model new} campus covering an space of a hundred and fifteen acres close to Yerawada on twenty third March 1868. The Deccan College, since then, produced a galaxy of students who rose to positions of excellence in various walks of life. They embrace Sir Ramlkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, the celebrated Indologist, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the great nationalist chief, Gurudev Ramchandra Dattratreya Ranade, the eminent philosopher, Gopal Ganesh Agarkar, the great social reformer, Vishwanath Kashinath Rajawade, the famous historian, Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis, the famous Indian medical practitioner who rendered yeoman service in China, and so on. The Past Students Association of this University is growing in strength and actively participates in the development of the University. As per the Transfer Deed, the State Government was asked to run the Institute in perpetuity. Subsequently, two our bodies came into existence - the Deccan College Poona Trust, because the custodian of the landed property and the Deccan College, PostGraduate and Research Institute to take care of the educational actions of the Institute. In the subsequent half-a-century, the University, aside from gi ving instruction to Postgraduate students and producing galaxy of Ph. Dissertations, carried out outstanding analysis in Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Linguistics, Medieval and Maratha History, Sociology, Anthropology and Sanskrit studies. The location of university falls within one of many fastest growing industrial belt of Haryana. The Uni versity is unfold over 273 acres and has a totally residential campus with ample built up space in a contemporary architectural idiom. The objectives of the University are to Create self-sustaining Centres of Excellence to facilitate & promote studies & analysis in engineering areas of upper training with concentrate on to} model new} frontier of science, engineering, technology, architecture & administration studies to produce wonderful techni cal professionals with human values. It is located at a distance of about 2 kilometers form the downtown to the east and almost strolling distance from railway station to the south. Andrews College, then underneath Agra University, who initiated post-graduate and undergraduate science educating in his college, the idea got crystallized and took concrete shape by the untiring efforts of Late Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant, but it was solely in 1956 that the University came into existence by an act passed by the U. It truly started functioning since September 1, 1957, when the colleges of Arts, Commerce, Law and Education had been started. Faculties of Engineering, Medicine and Agriculture came into existence in later years. Late Mahant Digvijay Nath additionally made priceless contribution in the formation of the University. At one stage the federal jurisdiction of the University was unfold over schools in Gorakhpur and the adjoining erstwhile twelve Districts with about a hundred twenty five affiliated schools. In 1973, when the Gorakhpur University Act was changed by uniform piece of legislation called the U. Universities Act, about two dozed schools located in 5 Districts had been transferred to the newly created Avadh University with headquarters at Faizabad. The jurisdiction of the Gorakhpur University was drastically curtailed further i n its headquarters at Jaunpur. At current, with the institution of latest schools and the creation of latest Districts, there are 123 schools located in 5 Districts of Gorakhpur Division. But end result of} the zeal, untiring efforts and foresight of its founding fathers and the then faculty members, it has come of age having accomplished more than forty years of a most significant existence. It now has neat and attractive campus unfold over an space of about 300 acres with well-planned educating and residential campuses.

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Prefrontal cortex in relation to different cortical areas in rhesus monkey: structure and connections. Architecture and connections of cerebral cortex: implications for brain evolution and function. Intra- and interhemispheric connections of the neocortical auditory system in the rhesus monkey. Efferent cortico-cortical projections of the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. The striatopallidal and striatonigral projections: two distinct fiber techniques in primate. Aging and the myelinated fibers in prefrontal cortex and corpus callosum of the monkey. The effects of growing older on layer 1 in space 46 of prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. Projections to the frontal cortex from the posterior parietal region in the rhesus monkey. Some results of analysis into the development of the neuronal structure of the cortical ends of the analyzers in man. The structural group of the cortical formations of the frontal lobes and their practical significance. Direct and indirect pathways from the amygdala to the frontal lobe in rhesus monkeys. Connections of the ventral granular frontal cortex of macaques with perisylvian premotor and somatosensory areas: anatomical evidence for somatic representation in primate frontal association cortex. Limit and group of the cortical projection from the medial thalamic nucleus in monkey. Variability in locations of areas 9 and 46 and relationship to the Talairach coordinate system. Neurons in rhesus monkey visual cortex: systematic relation between time of origin and eventual disposition. Concurrent overproduction of synapses in numerous regions of the primate cerebral cortex. Synaptic development of the cerebral cortex: implications for learning, memory, and mental illness. Lopes da Silva (eds), the SelfOrganizing Brain: From Growth Cones to Functional Networks. The group of projections from the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus to orbital and medial prefrontal cortex in macaque monkeys. Selective growing older of the human cerebral cortex noticed in vivo: differential vulnerability of the prefrontal gray matter. Relationship between prefrontal and limbic cortex: a comparative anatomical review. Conexiones aferentes a corteza frontal desde tegmento pontomesencefalico (locus coeruleus, rafe, sustancia negra) en la rata. Topographic group of connections between the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey. The corticothalamic projection from the gyrus proreus and the medial wall of the rostal hemisphere in the cat: an experimental examine with silver impregnation methods. The orbitofrontal cortex and its connections with the mediodorsal nucleus in rabbit, sheep and cat. Postnatal maturation of the dopaminergic innervation of monkey prefrontal and motor cortices: a tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemical analysis. Hippocampal efferents attain widespread areas of cerebral cortex and amygdala in the rhesus monkey. The learning and sensory capacities of the squirrel monkey in phylogenetic perspective. The cyto-myeloarchitecture of the human frontal lobe and its relation to phylogenetic differentiation of the cerebral cortex. Functional structure of motor and sensory cortices in primates in the mild of a new new} concept of neocortex evolution. Structural group of nonspecific thalamic nuclei and their projection towards cortex. Elementary processes in chosen thalamic and cortical subsystems � the structural substrates. The origin of thalamic inputs to the arcuate premotor and supplementary motor areas. Callosal and intrahemispheric connectivity of the prefrontal association cortex in rhesus monkey: relation between intraparietal and principal sulcal cortex. Dual mode of corticothalamic synaptic termination in the mediodorsal nucleus of the rhesus monkey. Anatomische und physiologische Beobachtungen uber das frontale Augenfeld der Katze. Longitudinal topography and interdigitation of corticostriatal projections in the rhesus monkey. Prefrontal projections to the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in the rhesus monkey. Localizing age-related changes in brain structure between childhood and adolescence utilizing statistical parametric mapping. Electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex increases dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of the rat: modulation by metabotropic glutamate receptors. Thalamic projections of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Silver degeneration and autoradiographic evidence for a projection from the principal sulcus to the septum in the rhesus monkey. Electrophysiological and anatomical research on thalamic mediodorsal nucleus projections onto the prefrontal cortex in the cat. Rat medial frontal cortex: a visceral motor region with a direct projection to the solitary nucleus. A voxel-based morphometric examine to decide individual variations in gray matter density related to age and cognitive change over time. Afferents to prefrontal cortex from the thalamic mediodorsal nucleus in the rhesus monkey. Medial pulvinar afferents to frontal eye fields in rhesus monkey demonstrated by horseradish peroxidase. Areal and laminar distribution of some pulvinar cortical efferents in rhesus monkey. Projections from inferior temporal cortex to prefrontal cortex through the uncinate fascicle in rhesus monkeys. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of the prefrontal cortex in rat and in primates, including humans. Visceral cortex: a direct connection from prefrontal cortex to the solitary nucleus in rat. Memory and executive function in older adults: relationships with temporal and prefrontal gray matter volumes and white matter hyperintensities. Topographic group of the brainstem afferents to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. �ber strukturelle Hirnzentra, mit besonderer Ber�cksichtigung der strukturellen Felder des Cortex pallii. An experimental examine of transcallosal connections between the proreus gyri of the cat. The medial thalamic nucleus: A comparative anatomical, physiological and medical examine. Cytoarchitecture and intrafrontal connections of the frontal cortex of the brain of the Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas). Physiological significance of sulci in somatic sensory cerebral cortex in mammals of the household Procyonidae. Myelogeny of the cat as associated to development of fiber tracts and prenatal habits patterns. Some observations on brain fissuration in relation to cortical localization of function.

References:

• https://medcraveonline.com/JMEN/JMEN-01-00008.pdf
• https://docs.boehringer-ingelheim.com/Prescribing%20Information/PIs/Spiriva%20Respimat/spirivarespimat.pdf
• https://www.gcamerica.com/downloads/SDS_CA/2018/SDS_CA_GC%20Fuji%20LINING%20LC%20(Liquid).pdf
• https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/FY-2019-Agency-Financial-Report.pdf
• https://gynecology-obstetrics.imedpub.com/large-72-kg-subserosal-fibroid-with-monkenbergs-calcification-in-a-postmenopausal-woman-extremely-rare-case-with-review-of-literat.pdf